Genotype and phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis. ( A) Identification of the gene expression levels of FaBBX28c1 in transgenic Arabidopsis lines using semi-qRT-PCR. ( B) Phenotype comparison of wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing FaBBX28c1. ( C) Box plot of flowering time of wild-type and overexpression Arabidopsis lines under long-day photoperiodic condition. ( D) Box plot of the number of rosette leaves of wild-type and overexpression Arabidopsis lines under long-day photoperiodic condition. ( E) Box plot of the expression level of AtSOC1 in wild-type and overexpressing Arabidopsis lines. ( F) Box plot of the expression level of AtFT1 in wild-type and overexpressing Arabidopsis lines. ( G) Box plot of the expression level of AtCO in wild-type and overexpressing Arabidopsis lines.

a b c Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M (January 2012). "The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health". Nutrition. 28 (1): 9–19. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.009. PMID 22153122. Meng X, Zhang S. MAPK cascades in plant disease resistance signaling. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2013;51:245–66.In addition, recent studies have expanded insights into the function of BBX proteins in non-model plant physiological processes, including tolerance to stressful environments [ 8, 9], flowering time regulation [ 8, 10, 11, 12], and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites [ 12, 13, 14]. Cultivated strawberry is an important fruit crop that is globally cultivated with high economic value. The genomic data of the allo-octoploid strawberry (2n = 8x = 56) support the hypothesis that octoploid strawberry originated through successive stages of polyploidization involving four genitor species: Fragaria nippoinca, Fragaria innumea, Fragaria viridis, and Fragaria vesca. Among them, the F. vesca-like subgenome was found to be the single dominant subgenome [ 15]. The BBX transcription factor family has been identified in diploid wild strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) [ 16]. However, little is known about the BBX family in cultivated strawberry and the evolutionary relationship between FaBBXs and FvBBXs. Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference

Gene duplication is a primary source of genetic novelty, morphological diversity, and speciation, which is forcing the evolution of plant species [ 29]. Gene duplication events are divided into five different types: WGD, TD, PD, TRD, and DSD [ 30]. Previous studies have shown that the expansion and functional diversification of protein kinase genes have been facilitated by gene duplication. Arabidopsis has experienced at least two recent WGDs [ 31]. The protein kinases have different degrees of functional diversification due to different gene duplication through segmental and tandem duplications [ 10] . Segmental duplication events were the main cause for the expansion of the soybean kinome [ 3]. Segmental, tandem, or whole-genome duplication events have been key in the expansion of the gene families in both the grapevine and pineapple kinomes, especially in the RLK group [ 27, 28]. Cultivars × आनानास्सा, वाणिज्यिक उत्पादन में 17 वीं सदी के आरंभ से खेती में वुडलैंड स्ट्रॉबेरी प्रजातियों ने जगह ले ली है। Purple minor pigments consisting of dimeric anthocyanins (flavanol-anthocyanin adducts: catechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, epicatechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, afzelechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside and epiafzelechin(4α→8)pelargonidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside) can also be found in strawberries. [12] Flavor and fragrance Furaneol is an important component of the fragrance of strawberries.The promoter region is critical for gene expression regulation. We predicted cis-regulatory elements on promoters. Besides the core element of the basal transcriptional machinery in higher plants, such as the TATA box, sixty types of cis-regulatory elements were identified in the BBX genes from two strawberry species ( Table S9, Figure S5). We further classified them into 20 groups according to their functions annotated by PlantCare and previous studies [ 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]. The light response element was the largest category, occupying 29.79 and 27.18% in wild strawberry and cultivated strawberry, respectively ( Figure S6, Tables S10 and S11). This result indicates that the BBX genes may play various roles in the light signal transduction pathway. Furthermore, ABA response-related elements are also widely distributed on the promoters of BBX genes, since the percentages of ABA response-related elements are 11.94 and 13.16% in wild strawberry and cultivated strawberry, respectively, which indicates that the BBX genes may participate in the stress response or fruit ripening processes in strawberry. In addition, MYB-related elements are widely distributed in the promoters of BBXs in our study. Main article: Breeding of strawberries Fragaria × ananassa 'Gariguette,' a cultivar grown in southern France Bodt SD, Maere S, YVd P. Genome duplication and the origin of angiosperms. Trends Ecol Evol. 2005;20(11):591–7. Aaby, K; Skrede, G; Wrolstad, R. E. (2005). "Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities in flesh and achenes of strawberries ( Fragaria ananassa)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (10): 4032–40. doi: 10.1021/jf048001o. PMID 15884835.